Biography of Claude F. Bernasconi

Marital Status: Divorced, three children: Andrea, April 13, 1966; Marc, April 20, 1969; Janette, October 11, 1991

Education

Undergraduate: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich.

Diploma in chemistry (equivalent to Master's degree), February 1963.

Graduate: ETH, Ph.D. in Chemistry, July 1965 under thesis direction of Professor Heinrich Zollinger. Title of thesis: "Beitrag zur Aufklärung des Mechanismus der aromatischen nukleophilen Substitution.”

Postdoctoral: (1) ETH, July 1965 to August 1966; with Professor H. Zollinger

(2) Max-Planck Institut für Physikalishe Chemie, Göttingen, September 1966 to September 1967; with Professor M. Eigen

Professional Experience

Sept. 1967 to June 1972: Assistant Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz

July 1972 to June 1977: Associate Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz

July 1977 to present: Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz

Oct. 1975 to March 1976: Visiting Professor of Chemistry at Pierre et Marie Curie University of Paris, France

Major Administrative Experience

July 1976 to July 1978: Chairman of Chemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz

July 1979 to 1983: Graduate Advisor in Chemistry

July 1979 to August 1982: Member of campus wide Committee on Academic Personnel, University of California, Santa Cruz

Professional Activities

1970: Co-organizer of Reaction Mechanisms Conference, UC Santa Cruz

1980: Co-chairman of Organization Committee of 5th IUPAC Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry, UC Santa Cruz

1983-1987: Chemistry Research-Evaluation Panel for the Air Force Office of Scientific Research

1991: Organizer of Bunnett Retirement Symposium, UC Santa Cruz

1991-1996: Member of the Editorial Board of J. Phys. Org. Chem.

1997: NSF-CRIF instrument grant proposal review panel.

1998: NSF-CRIF instrument grant proposal review panel.

Fellowships

1966-1967 Fellowship from "Stiftung auf dem Gebiete der Chemie,” for conducting research at the Max-Planck Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen

1975 Fulbright-Hays Travel Fellowship to France

Professional Honors

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow, 1971-1973

Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1987

Recipient of NSF-grant extension “for special creativity and performance,” 1996

Membership in Scientific Organizations

Member, American Chemical Society

Member, American Association for the Advancement of Science

Invited Lectures

Over 180 lectures since 1970 at Universities and scientific meetings in the U.S., Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England, Germany, France, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. Includes invited lectures at NATO Advanced Study Institutes on the Application of Relaxation Spectrometry to Chemical and Biological Systems, in England (1974 and 1978), at the International Symposium on Nucleophilic Substitution at Pocono Manor, Pennsylvania (1975), at the International Color Symposium at Interlaken, Switzerland (1979), the 8th International Conference on Non-aqueous Solutions in Nantes, France (1982), the 10th Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Society of Chemistry Organic Reaction Mechanisms Group in Dublin, Ireland (1983), at the International Symposium on Carbanion Chemistry in Durham, England (1984), at the National ACS Meeting in Chicago (1985), the 8th IUPAC Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry in Tokyo (1986), the Organic Reaction Mechanisms Conference in Paris (1987), the Gordon Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of Isotopes (1988), the Gordon Conference on Enzymes, Co-enzymes and Metabolic Pathways (1988), the International Symposium on Carbocations in Tübingen, Germany (1988), the 10th IUPAC Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry in Haifa, Israel (1990), the Pacific Conference on Chemistry and Spectroscopy in San Francisco (1990), the Bunnett Retirement Symposium at Santa Cruz (1991), the 58th Annual Meeting of the Israeli Chemical Society (1993), Royal Society's Fast Reactions Conference in Poznan, Poland (1993), the Chemical Institute of Canada Conference in Winnipeg (1994), the 6th International Conference on Correlation Analysis in Chemistry in Prague (1994), the 5th European Symposium on Organic Reactivity (ESOR V), Santiago de Compostela, Spain (1995), the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society (Symposium on Proton Transfer Reactions Sponsored by the Division of Physical Chemistry), Chicago (1995), the 6th International Conference on Correlation Analysis in Chemistry, Fukuoka, Japan (1996), the Brønsted Symposium in Copenhagen (1997), the NSF Workshop on Physical Organic Chemistry in Bandera, Texas (1999), the 5th Latin American Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry in Viña del Mar, Chile (1999), the 8th Physical Organic Minisymposium (POMS) in Montreal, Canada (2000), the Fast Reactions in Solution Discussion Group of the Royal Society (FRIS ’01) in Versailles, France, 9th European Symposium on Organic Reactivity (ESOR 9) in Oslo, Norway (2003), Rap-Con (Symposium in honor of Professor Zvi Rappoport’s retirement), Jerusalem, Israel (2007), 10th European Symposium on Organic Reactivity (ESOR10) in Rome, Italy (2005), the 90th Canadian Chemistry Conference, Winnipeg, Canada (2007), and the 9th American Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry, Córdoba, Argentina (2007).

Research Interests

Kinetics and mechanisms of organic reactions. Recent work on inter- and intramolecular proton transfers, nucleophilic addition to electron deficient olefins, nucleophilic vinylic substitution, acid-base catalysis, reactions of transition metal complexes; ab initio calculations; examination of factors that affect intrinsic barriers of reactions.

Current Grant Support

1. NSF, "Effect of Aromaticity and Anti-Aromaticity on Transition States and Intrinsic Barriers of Reactions,” $470,463 for period 1/1/05-12/31/09.

Publications

Book Author: C. F. Bernasconi, Relaxation Kinetics, Academic Press, 1976.

Book Editor: C. F. Bernasconi, Investigation of Rates and Mechanisms of Reactions, Parts I and II (Series Techniques of Chemistry, A. Weissberger, series editor), 4th edition, Wiley-Interscience, 1986.

Book Chapter Author: "Kinetics of Reversible and Other Complex Reactions. A Simple Relaxation Kinetics Approach.” In Investigation of Rates and Mechanisms of Reactions, Part I, 4th ed., Wiley-Interscience, 1986.

203 research papers; see attached list.

April 15, 2008

Claude F. Bernasconi

PUBLICATIONS

203. M. Karni, C. F. Bernasconi, and Z. Rappoport, “The Role of Negative Hyperconjugation and Anomeric Effects in the Stabilization of the Intermediate in S_NV Reactions,” J. Org. Chem. In press.

202. C. F. Bernasconi, P. J. Wenzel, and M. L. Ragains, “Proton Transfers in Aromatic and Antiaromatic Systems. How Aromatic or Antiaromatic is the Transition State? An Ab Initio Study,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 4934-4944 (2008).

201. C. F. Bernasconi, M. Pérez-Lorenzo and S. J. Codding, “Reaction of [Aryloxy(phenyl)carbene]pentacarbonylchromium(0) with Thiolate Ions. Decreasing Reactivity with Increasing Basicity of the Nucleophile,” J. Org. Chem. 72, 9456-9463 (2007).

200. C. F. Bernasconi, M. Pérez-Lorenzo and S. D. Brown, “Kinetics of the Deprotonation of Methylnitroacetate by Amines: Unusually High Intrinsic Rate Constants for a Nitroalkane,” J. Org. Chem. 72, 4416-4423 (2007).

199. C. F. Bernasconi, S. D. Brown, I. Eventova, and Z. Rappoport, “Spectroscopic and Kinetic Evidence for an Accumulating Intermediate in an S_NV Reaction with Amine Nucleophiles. Reaction of Methyl b-Methylthio-a-nitrocinnamate with Piperidine and Morpholine,” J. Org. Chem. 72, 3302-3310 (2007).

198. C. F. Bernasconi, M. E. Zoloff Michoff, and R. H. de Rossi, “Kinetics of the Reaction of [p-Nitrophenoxy(phenyl)carbene]pentacarbonylchromium (0) with Aryloxide Ions, Hydroxide Ion and Water in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Org. Chem. 72, 1285-1293 (2007).

197. C. F. Bernasconi and M. Pérez-Lorénzo, “Does Aromaticity in a Reaction Product Increase or Decrease the Intrinsic Barrier? Kinetics of the Reversible Deprotonation of Benzofuran-3(2H)-one and Benzothiophene-3(2H)-one,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 2704-2712 (2007).

196. M. Ali, S. Biswas, Z. Rappoport, and C. F. Bernasconi, “Kinetics and Mechanism of Reactions of Substituted (Methylthio)benzylidene Meldrum’s Acids with Primary Amines in Aqueous DMSO,” J. Phys. Org. Chem. 19, 647-653 (2006).

195. C. F. Bernasconi and H. Zheng, “Kinetics of Proton Transfer from Benzo[b]-2,3-dihydrofuran-2-one and Benzo[b]-2,3-dihydrothiophene-2-one. Effect of Anion Aromaticity on Intrinsic Barriers,” J. Org. Chem. 71, 8203-8211 (2006).

194. C. F. Bernasconi, S. Bhattacharya, P. J. Wenzel and M. M. Olmstead, “Kinetic and Thermodynamic Acidity of [Cp(NO)(PPh₃)Re(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)carbene]⁺. Transition State Imbalance and Intrinsic Barriers,” Organometallics 25, 4322-4330 (2006).

193. C. F. Bernasconi, S. D. Brown, M. Ali, Z. Rappoport, H. Yamataka, and H. Salim, “Hydrolysis of a-Alkyl-a-(methylthio)methylene Meldrum’s Acids. A Kinetic and Computational Investigation of Steric Effects,” J. Org. Chem. 71, 4795-4802 (2006).

192. M. Ali, C. F. Bernasconi, S. Biswas, “Transition Metal Carbene Chemistry. 6. Kinetic Studies of the Reactions of Hydroxide Ion with (CO)₅Mo=C(XCH₂CH₂OH)(C₆H₅) (X = O and S) and (CO)₅W=C(OCH₂CH₂OH)(C₆H₄–Z),” J. Organomet. Chem. 691, 3477-3483 (2006).

191. C. F. Bernasconi and M. L. Ragains, “Factors that Affect the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Acidities of Fischer Carbene Complexes. New Insights from the Study of Cationic (Methoxymethylcarbene)dicarbonylpentamethylcyclopentadienyl Iron in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Organomet. Chem. 690, 5616-5624 (2005).

190. C. F. Bernasconi, D. E. Fairchild, R. L. Montañez, P. Aleshi, H. Zheng and E. Lorance, “Kinetics of Proton Transfer from Cationic Carbon Acids in Water and Aqueous DMSO. Effect of Activating Groups and Solvent on Intrinsic Rate Constants,” J. Org. Chem. 70, 7721-7730 (2005).

189. C. F. Bernasconi, M. Ali, K. Nguyen, V. Ruddat and Z. Rappoport, “Reactions of Substituted Methylthiobenzylidene Meldrum’s Acids with Secondary Alicyclic Amines in Aqueous DMSO. Evidence of Rate Limiting Proton Transfer,” J. Org. Chem. 69, 9248-9254 (2004).

188. C. F. Bernasconi and M. Ali, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 31. Nucleophilic Attachment of the Malononitrile Anion to Fischer Carbene Complexes,” Organometallics 23, 6134-6139 (2004).

187. V. C. Ruddat, R. Mogul, I. Chorny, C. Chen, N. Pervin, S. Whitman, V. Kenyon, M. P. Jacobson, C. F. Bernasconi and T. R. Holman, “Tryptophan 500 and Arginine 707 Define Product and Substrate Active Site Binding in Soybean Lipoxygenase-1,” Biochemistry 43, 13063-13071 (2004).

186. C. F. Bernasconi, “The Principle of Nonperfect Synchronization: How Does It Apply to Aromatic Systems?” J. Phys. Org. Chem. 17, 951-956 (2004).

185. C. F. Bernasconi, V. Ruddat, P. J. Wenzel, and H. Fischer, “Kinetic and Thermodynamic Acidities of Pentacarbonyl(cyclobutenylidene)chromium Complexes. Effect of Antiaromaticity in the Conjugate Anion. An Experimental and Computational Study,” J. Org. Chem. 69, 5232-5239 (2004).

184. C. F. Bernasconi and S. Bhattacharya, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes. 29. Kinetics of Reactions of [Ethoxy(phenyl)carbene]pentacarbonylchromium(0) and [Ethoxy(phenyl)(Cr(CO)₃)carbene]pentacarbonylchromium(0) with Water, OH^–, and Amines. Mechanistic Changes Induced by the Cr(CO)₃ Group,” Organometallics 23, 1722-1729 (2004).

183. C. F. Bernasconi, M. L. Ragains, and S. Bhattacharya, “Reactions that Generate Aromatic Molecules: Is Aromatic Stabilization Less or More Advanced than Bond Changes at the Transition State? Kinetic and Thermodynamic Acidities of Rhenium Carbene Complexes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 12328-12336 (2003).

182. C. F. Bernasconi and P. J. Wenzel, “Proton Transfers from Carbon Acids Activated by π-Acceptors. Changes in Intrinsic Barriers and Transition State Imbalances Induced by a Cyano Group. An Ab Initio Study,” J. Org. Chem. 68, 6870-6879 (2003).

181. V. C. Ruddat, S. Whitman, T. Holman and C. F. Bernasconi, “Stopped-flow Kinetic Investigation of the Activation of Soybean Lipoxygenase-1 and the Influence of Inhibitors,” Biochemistry 42, 4172-4178 (2003).

180. C. F. Bernasconi and S. Bhattacharya, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 27. Substituent Effects on the Nucleophilic Substitution of [Aryl(thiomethyl)carbene]pentacarbonyl chromium(0) Complexes by Amines in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” Organometallics 22, 1310-1313 (2003).

179. C. F. Bernasconi and S. Bhattacharya, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 26. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction of [Phenyl(thiomethyl)carbene]pentacarbonyl chromium(0) with Amines in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” Organometallics 22, 426-433 (2003).

178. C. F. Bernasconi, M. Ali and J. C. Gunter, “Kinetic and Thermodynamic Acidities of Substituted 1-Benzyl-1-methoxy-2-nitroethylenes. Strong Reduction of the Transition State Imbalance Compared to Other Nitroalkanes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 151-157 (2003).

177. C. F. Bernasconi and V. Ruddat, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 25. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Acidities of Substituted (Methylthiophenylcarbene)pentacarbonyl tungsten(0) and (Benzoxymethylcarbene)pentacrabonyl tungsten(0) in Aqueous Acetonitrile. Evidence for Transition State Imbalances,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 14968-14976 (2002).

176. C. F. Bernasconi, “The Physical Organic Chemistry of Fischer Carbene Complexes,” Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 37, 137-237 (2002).

175. C. F. Bernasconi, R. J. Ketner, X. Chen and Z. Rappoport, “Reactions of Substituted Benzylidene Meldrum’s Acids and Methylthiobenzylidene Meldrum’s Acids with OH^–, CF₃CH₂O^– and HOCH₂CH₂S^– in 50% DMSO-50% water. π-Donor Effects, Soft Acid-Base Interactions and Transition State Imbalances,” Arkivoc 2002 (xii), 161-178.

174. C. F. Bernasconi and W. Sun, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 24. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Acidities of Phenyl Substituted (Benzylmethoxycarbene)pentacarbonylchromium(0) Complexes. Is There a Transition State Imbalance?” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 2299-2304 (2002).

173. C. F. Bernasconi and M. L. Ragains. “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 23. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Acidities of Cationic Benzothienyl- and Selenylcarbene Complexes of Rhenium in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 11890-11898 (2001).

172. C. F. Bernasconi and M. Ali, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes. 22. Substituent Effects on the Reversible Cyclization of Fischer Carbene Complexes (CO)₅W=C(SCH₂CH₂OH)C₆H₄Z in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” Organometallics 20, 3383-3389 (2001).

171. C. F. Bernasconi and P. J. Wenzel, “Carbon-to-Carbon Identity Proton Transfer from Allene, Ketene, Ketenimine and Thioketene to Their Respective Conjugate Anions in the Gas Phase. An Ab Initio Study,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 7146-7153 (2001).

170. C. F. Bernasconi and P. J. Wenzel, “Ab Initio Study of the Carbon-to-Carbon Identity Proton Transfer from Ketene to Its Anion in the Gas Phase,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 2430-2431 (2001).

169. C. F. Bernasconi, R. J. Ketner, M. L. Ragains, X. Chen, Z. Rappoport, “Unraveling Structure-Reactivity Relationships in S_NV Reactions: Kinetics of the Reactions of Methoxybenzylidenemalononitrile, 2-(Methylthiobenzylidene)-1,3-indandione, 2-(Benzylthiobenzylidene-1,3-indandione, and Methyl-a-nitrocinnamate with OH^– and Thiolate Ions in Aqueous DMSO,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 2155-2164 (2001).

168. C. F. Bernasconi and P. J. Wenzel, “Carbon-to-Carbon Identity Proton Transfer from Propyne, Acetimide, Thioacetaldehyde and Nitrosomethane to Their Respective Conjugate Anions in the Gas Phase. An Ab Initio Study,” J. Org. Chem. 66, 968-979 (2001).

167. C. F. Bernasconi and G. S. Perez, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 21. Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydrolysis of (CO)₅M=C(SR)Ar (M = Cr and W; R = CH₃ and CH₃CH₂CH₂, Ar = C₆H₅ and 3-ClC₆H₄) in Aqueous Acetonitrile . Important Differences Relative to Complexes with Alkoxy Leaving Groups. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 12461-12446 (2000).

166. C. F. Bernasconi, C. Whitesell, and R. A. Johnson, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 20. Kinetics and Mechanism of Reactions of (CO)5M=C(OMe)C6H4X (M = Cr and W) with Primary Aliphatic Amines in Aqueous Acetonitrile. Substituent Effects,” Tetrahedron 56, 4917-4924 (2000).

165. C. F. Bernasconi and L. García-Río, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 19. Kinetics of Reversible Alkoxide Ion Addition to Substituted (Methoxyphenylcarbene)pentacarbonylchromium(0) and (Methoxyphenylcarbene)pentacarbonyltungsten(0) in Methanol and Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 3821-3829 (2000).

164. C. F. Bernasconi, M. Ali and F. Lu, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 18. Kinetics of Reversible Cyclization of the Fischer Carbene Complexes (CO)5M=C(SCH2CH2OH)Ph and (CO)5M=C(OCH2CH2OH)Ph (M = Cr and W) in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 1352-1359 (2000).

163. C. F. Bernasconi and M. Ali, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 17. Kinetics of the Reactions of (Arylthioalkoxycarbene)pentacarbonyl Complexes of Chromium(0) and Tungsten(0) with Thiolate Ions in Aqueous Acetonitrile. pKa Values of the Metal-Protonated Tetrahedral Adducts Formed between Carbene Complexes and Thiolate Ion,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 11384-11394 (1999).

162. C. F. Bernasconi, R. J. Ketner, S. D. Brown, X. Chen and Z. Rappoport, “Acid Catalyzed Breakdown of Alkoxide and Thiolate Ion Adducts of Benzylidene Meldrum’s Acid, Methoxybenzylidene Meldrum’s Acid and Thiomethoxybenzylidene Meldrum’s Acid,” J. Org. Chem., 64, 8829-8839 (1999).

161. C. F. Bernasconi, R. J. Ketner, X. Chen, and Z. Rappoport, “Detection and Kinetic Characterization of SNV Intermediates. Reactions of Thiomethoxybenzylidene Meldrum’s Acid with Thiolate Ions, Alkoxide Ions, and OH– and Water in Aqueous DMSO,” Can. J. Chem. 77, 584-594 (1999).

160. C. F. Bernasconi, K. W. Kittredge, and F. X. Flores, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 16. Reactions of (CO)5M=C(OR)Ph (M = Cr or W; R = Me or Et) with Thiolate Ions in Aqueous Acetonitrile. Complete Kinetic Dissection of the Two-Step Mechanism,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 121, 6630-6639 (1999).

159. C. F. Bernasconi, A. E. Leyes, and Z. Rappoport, “Kinetics of the Reaction of b-Methoxy-a-nitrostilbene with Cyanamide in 50% DMSO-50% Water. Failure to Detect the SNV Intermediate,” J. Org. Chem. 64, 2897-2902 (1999).

158. C. F. Bernasconi and M. Ali, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 15. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Acidities of (Methylthiomethoxycarbene)pentacarbonyl complexes of Chromium and Tungsten in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 3039-3045 (1999).

157. C. F. Bernasconi, L. L. Huang, J. Moreira, and K. W. Kittredge, “Kinetics of Ionization of 2-Acetyl-1-methylpyridinium Ion in Water and 50% DMSO-50% Water. Intrinsic Rate Constants for Proton Transfer from Monoketones to Amine Bases,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 1674-1680 (1999).

156. C. F. Bernasconi, A. E. Leyes. M. L. Ragains, Y. Shi, H. Wang, and W. D. Wulff, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 14. Thermodynamic Acidity Measurements of Fischer Carbene Complexes in Acetonitrile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 8632-8639 (1998).

155. C. F. Bernasconi, A. E. Leyes and L. García-Río, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 13. Kinetics of Proton Transfer from (5-Methyl-2-oxacyclopentylidene)pentacarbonylchromium(0) and Hydrolysis of Its Conjugate Anion in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” Organometallics, 17, 4940-4945 (1998).

154. C. F. Bernasconi and R. J. Ketner, “Kinetics of the Reactions of Benzylidene Meldrum’s Acid with Thiolate and Alkoxide Ions in Aqueous Dimethylsulfoxide,” J. Org. Chem., 63, 6266-6272 (1998).

153. A. Kanavarioti, C. F. Bernasconi, and E. E. Baird, “Effects of Monomer and Template Concentration on the Kinetics of Nonenzymatic Template-Directed Oligoguanylate Synthesis,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 8575-8581 (1998).

152. C. F. Bernasconi, F. X. Flores and K. W. Kittredge, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 12. Spectroscopic Detection and Kinetic Characteristics of the Intermediate in the Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of (CO)5Cr=C(OCH3)Ph with Thiolate Ions in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 7983-7984 (1998).

151. C. F. Bernasconi, R. J. Ketner, X. Chen, and Z. Rappoport, “Kinetics of the Reactions of Methoxybenzylidene Meldrum’s Acid with Thiolate Ions, Alkoxide Ions, OH– and Water in Aqueous DMSO. Detection and Kinetic Characterization of the SNV Intermediates,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 7461-7468 (1998).

150. C. F. Bernasconi and K. W. Kittredge, “Carbanion Stabilization by Adjacent Sulfur: Polarizability, Resonance or Negative Hyperconjugation? Experimental Distinction Based on Intrinsic Rate Constants of Proton Transfer from Phenylnitromethane and 1-Nitro-2-phenylethane,” J. Org. Chem., 63, 1944-1953 (1998).

149. C. F. Bernasconi and R. L. Montanez, “Kinetics of Proton Transfer from Benzoylnitromethane and 1,2-Diphenyl-2-nitromethanone to Various Bases. Resonance, Inductive, Solvation, Steric and Transition State Hydrogen Bonding Effects on the Intrinsic Rate Constants,” J. Org. Chem., 62, 8162-8170 (1997).

148. C. F. Bernasconi, “Developing the Physical Organic Chemistry of Fischer Carbene Complexes,” Chem. Soc. Rev. 26, 299-307 (1997).

147. C. F. Bernasconi and A. E. Leyes, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 11. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Hydrolysis of (2-Oxacyclopentylidene)pentacarbonylchromium(0) in Aqueous Actetonitrile,” J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1641-1647 (1997).

146. C. F. Bernasconi, W. Sun, L. Garcia-Río, K. Yan and K. W. Kittredge, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 10. Opposing Effects of a-Alkyl Groups on the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Acidities of (CO)5Cr=C(OMe)CHR¢R¢¢-Type Fischer Carbene Complexes in Aqueous Acetonitrile. Analogy to the Nitroalkane Anomaly,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 5583-5590 (1997).

145. C. F. Bernasconi and A. E. Leyes, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 9. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Acidity of (2-Oxacyclopentylidene)pentacarbonylchromium(0) in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 5169-5175 (1997).

144. C. F. Bernasconi and W. Sun, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 8. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Acidities of (Alkoxyalkylcarbene)pentacarbonyl Complexes of Cr, Mo and W in Aqueous Acetonitrile. Dependence on Metal, Alkyl Group and Alkoxy Group,” Organometallics 16, 1926-1932 (1997).

143. C. F. Bernasconi, P. J. Wenzel, J. R. Keeffe and S. Gronert, “Intrinsic Barriers and Transition State Structures in the Gas-Phase Carbon-to-Carbon Identity Proton Transfers from Nitromethane to Nitromethide Anion and from Protonated Nitromethane to Aci-Nitromethane. An Ab Initio Study,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 4008-4020 (1997).

142. C. F. Bernasconi, F. X. Flores and K. W. Kittredge, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 7. Kinetics of Hydrolysis of (CO)5M=C(OR)Ph (M = Cr and W; R = Me and Et) and (CO)5Cr=C(OMe)CH=CHPh in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 2103-2110 (1997).

141. C. F. Bernasconi and P. J. Wenzel, “Kinetics of Proton Transfer from 2-Nitro-4-X-Phenylacetonitriles to Piperidine and Morpholine in Aqueous Me2SO. Solvent and Substituent Effects on Intrinsic Rate Constants. Transition State Imbalances,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 11446-11453 (1996).

140. C. F. Bernasconi and P. J. Wenzel, “Transition State Imbalances in Gas Phase Proton Transfers. Ab Initio Study of the Carbon-to-Carbon Proton Transfer from the Protonated Acetyaldehyde Cation to Acetaldehyde Enol,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 10494-10504 (1996).

139. C. F. Bernasconi and W. Sun, “Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 6. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Thermal and Photochemical Hydrolysis of (CO)5M=C(OMe)CH2Ph (M = Cr and W) in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” Organometallics 14, 5615-5621 (1995).

138. C. F. Bernasconi, M. Panda and M. W. Stronach, "Kinetics of Reversible Carbon Deprotonation of 2-Nitroethanol and 2-Nitro-1,3-propanediol by Hydroxide Ion, Water, Amines and Carboxylate Ions. A Normal Brønsted a Despite an Imbalanced Transition State,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117, 9206-9212 (1995).

137. C. F. Bernasconi, F. X. Flores and W. Sun, "Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 5. Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydrolysis of (CO)5Cr=C(OCH3)CH3 and (CO)5Cr=C(OCH2CH3)CH3 in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 4875-4880 (1995).

136. C. F. Bernasconi, D. F. Schuck, R. J. Ketner, I. Eventova and Z. Rappoport, "The CF3CH2O– Adducts of a-Nitro-b-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)stilbene and b-Methoxy-a-nitrostilbene, and the MeO– Adduct of b-Methoxy-a-nitrostilbene. Kinetics of Competition between Protonation and Acid Catalyzed Alkoxide Ion Departure,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117, 2719-2725 (1995).

135. C. F. Bernasconi, A. Leyes, I. Eventova and Z. Rappoport, "Kinetics of the Reaction of b-Methoxy-a-nitrostilbene with Methoxyamine and N-Methylmethoxyamine. Direct Observation of the Intermediate in Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117, 1703-1711 (1995).

134. C. F. Bernasconi, D. F. Schuck, R. J. Ketner, M. Weiss and Z. Rappoport, "Kinetic Analysis of Elementary Steps in Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution Reactions of a-Nitro-b-X-stilbenes (X = OCH2CF3, OCH3, NO2) with Various Nucleophiles. Detection of the Intermediate in the Reaction of a-Nitro-b-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)stilbene with HOCH2CH2S– and of b-Methoxy-a-nitrostilbene with CF3CH2O–,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 11764-11774 (1994).

133. C. F. Bernasconi and R. A. Renfrow, "Large Transition State Imbalance in Expulsion of Arylnitromethane Anions from Aniline Adducts of a-Nitrostilbenes,” J. Org. Chem., 59, 5404-5413 (1994).

132. C. F. Bernasconi, F. X. Flores, J. J. Claus and D., "Kinetics of the Reactions of Phenyl Substituted Benzylidenemalondialdehydes with Water and Hydroxide Ion,” J. Org. Chem., 59, 4917-4924 (1994).

131. C. F. Bernasconi and J.-X. Ni, "Proton Transfer from Carbon Acids to Carbanions. 2. Reaction of Phenylnitromethane with Carbanions, Enolate and Nitronate Ions in 90% Me2SO-10% Water. Carbon to Carbon or Carbon to Oxygen Transfer? Test of the Marcus Equation,” J. Org. Chem., 59, 4910-4916 (1994).

130. C. F. Bernasconi, A. Kanavarioti and M. W. Stronach, “Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Benzylideneacetylacetone,” J. Org. Chem., 59, 3806-3813 (1994).

129. C. F. Bernasconi and P. J. Wenzel, “Is There a Transition State Imbalance for Proton Transfers in the Gas Phase? An Ab Initio Study of the Carbon to Carbon Proton Transfer from Acetaldehyde to Its Enolate Ion,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 5405-5413 (1994).

128. C. F. Bernasconi, F. X. Flores, J. R. Gandler, and A. E. Leyes "Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 4. Kinetics and Equilibria of Methoxide Ion Addition to [Methoxy(phenyl)carbene]pentacarbonylchromium(0),” Organometallics, 13, 2186-2193 (1994).

127. C. F. Bernasconi and J. Fassberg, "Hydrolysis of Substituted a-Nitrostilbenes: Dissection of Rate Coefficients for Individual Steps in Four-Step Mechanism. Estimates of Intrinsic Rate Constants and Transition State Imbalances,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 514-522 (1994).

126. C. F. Bernasconi and W. Sun, "Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 3. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Acidities of (CO)5Cr=C(OCH3)CH3 and (CO)5Cr=C(OCH3)CH2Ph in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 12526-12532 (1993).

125. A. Kanavarioti, C. F. Bernasconi, D. J. Alberas and E. Baird, "Kinetic Dissection of Individual Steps in the Poly(C)-Directed Oligoguanylate Synthesis from Guanosine 5'-Phospho-2-methylimidazolide,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 8537-8546 (1993).

124. C. F. Bernasconi, A. E. Leyes, Z. Rappoport and I. Eventova, "Reaction of N-Methyl-methoxyamine with b-Methoxy-a-nitrostilbene. First Direct Observation of the Intermediate in a Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution with an Amine Nucleophile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 7513-7514 (1993).

123. C. F. Bernasconi and J.-X. Ni, "Proton Transfer from Carbon Acids to Carbanions. I. Reactions of Various Carbon Acids with the Anions of Substituted Benzylmalononitriles in 90% Me2SO-10% Water. Determination of Intrinsic Barriers of Identity Reactions from the Marcus Relationship,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 5060-5066 (1993).

122. C. F. Bernasconi and M. W. Stronach, "Physical Organic Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. 2. Kinetics and Mechanism of Reactions of [Methoxy(phenyl)carbene]pentacarbonylchromium(0) with Primary Aliphatic Amines in Aqueous Acetonitrile,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1341-1346 (1993).

121. C. F. Bernasconi, D. Wiersema and M. W. Stronach, "Deprotonation of Arylnitromethanes. Higher Intrinsic Rate Constants with Thiolate Ions than with Oxyanions or Amines as Proton Acceptors. Hydrogen Bonding in the Transition State and Desolvation of the Base as Competing Factors in Proton Transfer at Carbon,” J. Org. Chem. 58, 217-223 (1993).

120. C. F. Bernasconi and D. E. Fairchild, "Kinetics of Deprotonation of Triphenyl(2-substituted-9-fluorenyl)phosphonium Ions in 50% Me2SO-50% Water. Intrinsic Rate Constants, Imbalances and Evidence for Changes in Transition State Structure,” J. Phys. Org. 5, 409-423 (1992).

119. C. F. Bernasconi and D. F. Schuck, "Kinetics of Reversible Thiolate Ion Addition to Substituted b-Nitrostyrenes in Water. Radicaloid Transition State or Principle of Non-perfect Synchronization?” J. Org. Chem. 57, 2365-2373 (1992).

118. C. F. Bernasconi, J. L. Zitomer, and D. F. Schuck, "Kinetics of Hydroxide Ion Addition to Substituted b-Nitrostyrenes in Me2SO-Water Mixtures. Solvent Dependence of p-Donor Substituent Effects and of Intrinsic Rate Constants,” J. Org. Chem. 57, 1132-1139 (1992).

117. C. F. Bernasconi, "The Principle of Non-perfect Synchronization: More Than a Qualitative Concept?” Acc. Chem. Res. 25, 9-16 (1992).

116. J. R. Gandler and C. F. Bernasconi, "Kinetics of Deprotonation of Arylnitromethanes by Benzoate Ions in Acetonitrile Solution. The Effect of Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Transition State Solvation on Intrinsic Rate Constants of Proton Transfer,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 631-637 (1992).

115. C. F. Bernasconi, "The Principle of Non-perfect Synchronization,” Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 27, 119-238 (1992).

114. C. F. Bernasconi, J. Fassberg, R. B. Killion, D. F. Schuck and Z. Rappoport, "Kinetics of Reactions of Hydroxide Ion and Water with b-X-Substituted a-Nitrostilbenes (X = Cl, I, SEt, OMe, SCH2CH2OH) in 50% Me2SO-50% Water. Search for the Intermediate in Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 4937-4946 (1991).

113. C. F. Bernasconi, D. A. A. Ohlberg and M. W. Stronach, "Kinetics of Proton Transfer of 3,5-Heptandione, 2,6-Dimethyl-3,5-heptandione, and Dibenzoylmethane with Amines in 50% Me2SO-50% Water. Effect of Steric Crowding and p-Overlap on Intrinsic Rate Constants,” J. Org. Chem. 56, 3016-3020 (1991).

112. C. F. Bernasconi and M. W. Stronach, "Kinetics of Amine Addition to Benzylidenemalon–aldehyde in 50% Me2SO-50% Water.” J. Org. Chem. 56, 1993-2001 (1991).

111. C. F. Bernasconi and M. W. Stronach, "Kinetics of Amine Addition to Benzylidene-1,3-indandione and Other Vinylic Diketones. Effect of Cyclic Structure and Steric Strain on Intrinsic Rate Constants,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 2222-2227 (1991).

110. C. F. Bernasconi, W. H. Stronach, C. H. DePuy, S. Gronert, "Reactions of Anions with Activated Olefins in the Gas Phase. A Flowing Afterglow-SIFT Study,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 9044-9052 (1990).

109. A. Kanavarioti and C. F. Bernasconi, "Computer Simulation in Template-directed Oligonucleotide Synthesis,” J. Molec. Evol. 31, 470-477 (1990).

108. C. F. Bernasconi and M. W. Stronach, "Kinetic Behavior of Tetrachlorocyclopentadienyl Type Anions. Deprotonation of 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-1,3-cyclopentadiene and Nucleophilic Addition to 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-6-phenylfulvene in 50% Me2SO-50% Water,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8448-8454 (1990).

107. C. F. Bernasconi, J. Fassberg, R. B. Killion, Z. Rappoport, "Kinetics of Reactions of Amines with a-Nitro-b-Substituted Stilbenes in 50% Me2SO-50% Water. Search for the Intermediate in Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution,” J. Org. Chem. 55, 4568-4575 (1990).

106. C. F. Bernasconi, J. Fassberg, R. B. Killion, Z. Rappoport, "Kinetics of the Reactions of Thiolate Ions with a-Nitro-b-Substituted Stilbenes in 50% Me2SO-50% Water. Observation of the Intermediate in Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution Reactions,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 3169-3177 (1990).

105. C. F. Bernasconi, M. W. Stronach, C. H. DePuy, S. Gronert, "The Gas Phase Acidities of Acrolein and Methyl Acrylate,” J. Phys. Org. Chem. 3, 346-348 (1990).

104. C. F. Bernasconi, R. B. Killion, Jr., J. Fassberg, Z. Rappoport, "Kinetics of Reaction of b-Methoxy-a-nitrostilbene with Thiolate Ions. First Direct Observation of the Intermediate in a Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 6862-6864 (1989).

103. A. Kanavarioti, C. F. Bernasconi, D. L. Doodokyan and D. Alberas, "Magnesium Ion Catalyzed P-N Bond Hydrolysis in Imidazolide-activated Nucleotides. Relevance to Template-directed Synthesis of Polynucleotides,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 7247-7257 (1989).

102. J. R. Gandler and C. F. Bernasconi, "Proton Transfer from Methoxymethylcarbene(penta-carbonyl)chromium(0) in Aqueous Solution,” Organometallics, 8, 2282-2284 (1989).

101. C. F. Bernasconi and P. Paschalis, "Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Substituted b-Nitrostyrenes. Imbalances and Intrinsic Rate Constants for Three Different Types of Nitronate Ion Forming Processes. Relevance to Nitroalkane Anomaly,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 5893-5902 (1989).

100. C. F. Bernasconi, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. Kinetics and Mechanism,” Tetrahedron, 45, 4017-4090 (1989).

99. C. F. Bernasconi and R. B. Killion, "Is There a Transition State Imbalance in Malononitrile Anion Forming Reactions? Kinetics of Piperidine and Morpholine Addition to Substituted Benzylidenemalononitriles in Various Me2SO-Water Mixtures,” J. Org. Chem. 54, 2878-2885 (1989).

98. C. F. Bernasconi and R. B. Killion, "High Intrinsic Rate Constant and Large Imbalance in the Thiolate Ion Addition to Substituted a-Nitrostilbenes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 7506-7512 (1988).

97. C. F. Bernasconi, R. D. Bunnell, and F. Terrier, "Rate and Equilibrium Constants of Ionization of (a-Cyanodiphenylmethane)bis(tricarbonylchromium(0)) in Me2SO-Water Mixtures. Unusual Solvent Effect on the Intrinsic Rate Constants,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 6514-6521 (1988).

96. C. F. Bernasconi and D. E. Fairchild, "Kinetics of Spiro Meisenheimer Complex Formation from 3,6-Dimethylcatechol 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl Ether. Competition Between a Trapping and a Preassociation Mechanism,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 5498-5505 (1988).

95. C. F. Bernasconi, D. A. V. Kliner, A. S. Mullin and J. X. Ni, "Kinetics of Ionization of Nitromethane and Phenylnitromethane by Amines and Carboxylate Ions in Me2SO-Water Mixtures. Evidence of Ammonium Ion-Nitronate Ion Hydrogen Bonded Complex Formation in Me2SO-Rich Solvent Mixtures,” J. Org. Chem. 53, 3342-3351 (1988).

94. W. J. Albery, C. F. Bernasconi and A. J. Kresge, "Marcus-Grunwald Theory and the Nitroalkane Anomaly,” J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1, 29-31 (1988).

93. C. F. Bernasconi and R. D. Bunnell, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 22. Kinetics of Hydrolysis of the Piperidine and Morpholine Adducts of Benzylideneacetylacetone in 50% Me2SO-50% Water,” J. Org. Chem., 53, 2001-2008 (1988).

92. C. F. Bernasconi and R. D. Bunnell, "Free Energies of Transfer of Carbon Acids and their Conjugate Carbanions from Water to Me2SO-Water Mixtures,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 110, 2900-2903 (1988).

91. C. F. Bernasconi and F. Terrier, "Ionization of 9-Cyano and 9-Carbomethoxyfluorene in Me2SO-Water Mixtures. How Important is Solvent Reorganization?” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 109, 7115-7121 (1987).

90. C. F. Bernasconi, "Intrinsic Barriers of Reactions and the Principle of Nonperfect Synchronization,” Acc. Chem. Res. 20, 301-308 (1987).

89. C. F. Bernasconi and M. Panda, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 21. Substituent and Solvent Effects on the Reaction of Benzylidene Meldrum's Acid with Piperidine and Morpholine,” J. Org. Chem. 52, 3042-3050 (1987).

88. C. F. Bernasconi and R. A. Renfrow, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 20. Large Transition State Imbalances in the Reaction of a-Nitrostilbenes with Amines,” J. Org. Chem. 52, 3035-3041 (1987).

87. C. F. Bernasconi, D. E. Fairchild, and C. J. Murray. "Kinetic Solvent Isotope Effect and Proton Inventory Study of the Carbon Protonation of Amine Adducts of Benzylidine Meldrum's Acid and Other Meldrum's Acid Derivatives. Evidence for Concerted Intramolecular Proton Transfer.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 3409-3415 (1987).

86. C. F. Bernasconi, R. D. Bunnell, D. A. Kliner, A. Mullen, P. Paschalis, and F. Terrier, "The Effect of Solvation on Intrinsic Rates of Proton Transfers,” Phys. Org. Chem. 1986, M. Kobayashi, Ed., Elsevier, New York, 1987, p. 583-592.

85. C. F. Bernasconi, "Nonperfect Synchronization in Nucleophilic Additions to C=C Double Bonds,” Adv. Chem. Ser., 215, 115-133 (1987).

84. C. F. Bernasconi and A. Kanavarioti, "Nuclophilic Addition to Olefins. 19. Abnormally High Intrinsic Barrier in the Reaction of Piperidine and Morpholine with Benzylideneacetylacetone,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 7744-7751 (1986).

83. C. F. Bernasconi, Introduction to Part II of "Investigation of Rates and Mechanisms of Reactions,” C. F. Bernasconi, Ed., 4th edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, p. 1-7.

82. C. F. Bernasconi, Introduction to Part I of "Investigation of Rates and Mechanisms of Reactions,” C. F. Bernasconi, Ed., 4th edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, p. 1-12.

81. C. F. Bernasconi, "Reversible and Other Complex Reactions. A Simple Relaxation Kinetics Approach", in "Investigation of Rates and Mechanisms of Reactions,” C. F. Bernasconi, Ed., 4th edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, Part I, p. 425-485.

80. C. F. Bernasconi and F. G. Terrier, "Ionization of 9-Cyanofluorene in Me2SO-Water Mixtures.” Can. J. Chem., 64, 1273-1275 (1986).

79. C. F. Bernasconi and C. J. Murray, "Brønsted Coefficients for Intramolecularly Assisted Carbon Protonation of Amine Adducts of Benzylidene Meldrum's Acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 5257-5264 (1986).

78. C. F. Bernasconi and C. J. Murray, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 18. Kinetics of Addition of Primary Amines and of a-Effect Nucleophiles to Benzylidene Meldrum's Acid.” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 5251-5257 (1986).

77. C. F. Bernasconi and M. W. Stronach, "Reaction of Benzylidenemalonaldehyde with Water and Hydroxide Ion,” J. Org. Chem., 51, 2144-2145 (1986).

76. C. F. Bernasconi, R. A. Renfrow, and P. R. Tia, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 16. Unusual Substituent Effects in the Reaction of Amines with b-Nitrostyrenes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 4541-4549 (1986).

75. C. F. Bernasconi and P. Paschalis, "Kinetics of Ionization of 1,3-Indandione in Me2SO-Water Mixtures. Solvent Effects on Intrinsic Rates and Brønsted Coefficients,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 2969-2977 (1986).

74. C. F. Bernasconi, J. P. Fox, A. Kanavarioti, M. Panda, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 15. Solvent and Substituent Effects on the Hydrolysis of Benzylidenemalononitriles in Basic Me2SO-Water Mixtures,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 2372-2381 (1986).

73. C. F. Bernasconi and R. D. Bunnell, "Ionization of Acetylacetone in Me2SO-water Mixtures. Reactivity-Selectivity Principle or Principle of Imperfect Synchronization?,” Isr. J. Chem., 26, 420-427 (1985).

72. C. F. Bernasconi, A. Laibelman, and J. L. Zitomer, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 14. Kinetics of the Reaction of 1,3-Indandione Anion with Benzylidene-1,3-indandione,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, 6570-6576 (1985).

71. C. F. Bernasconi, A. Laibelman, and J. L. Zitomer, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 13. Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Benzylidene-1,3-indandione,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, 6563-6570 (1985).

70. C. F. Bernasconi, "The Principle of Imperfect Synchronization. I. Ionization of Carbon Acids,” Tetrahedron, 41, 3219-3234 (1985).

69. C. F. Bernasconi, A. Kanavarioti, and R. B. Killion, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 12. Solvent Induced Change in Rate Limiting Step of the Hydrolysis of Benzylidenemalononitrile in Acidic Me2SO-Water Solution,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, 3612-3620 (1985).

68. C. F. Bernasconi, K. A. Howard, and A. Kanavarioti, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 11. Kinetics of the Reversible Hydrolysis of Benzylidenemalononitrile in Water,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 6287-6835 (1984).

67. C. F. Bernasconi and C. J. Murray, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 10. Kinetics of Cleavage of the Piperidine and Morpholine Adducts of a-Cyano-4-nitrostilbene and a-Cyano-2,4-dinitrostilbene,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 3257-3264 (1984).

66. C. F. Bernasconi J. L. Zitomer, J. P. Fox, and K. A. Howard, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 9. Kinetics of the Reaction of Benzylidene-malononitrile with Malononitrile Anion,” J. Org. Chem., 49, 482-486 (1984).

65. C. F. Bernasconi and K. A. Howard, "Kinetics of Acid Catalyzed Breakdown of Spiro Meisenheimer Complexes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 105, 4690-4697 (1983).

64. C. F. Bernasconi, C. J. Murray, J. P. Fox, and D. J. Carré, Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 8. Addition of Piperidine, Morpholine and n-Butylamine to a-Cyano-4-nitrostilbene and a-Cyano-2,4-dinitrostilbene. Kinetics and Equilibria in 50% Me2SO-50% Water,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 105, 4349-4359 (1983).

63. C. F. Bernasconi and S. A. Hibdon, "Rates of Deprotonation of 4-Nitrophenylacetonitrile and 2,4-Dinitrophenylacetonitrile in 50% Me2SO-50% Water,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 105, 4343-4348 (1983).

62. C. F. Bernasconi, "The Role of Solvent Reorganization in Proton Transfer and Nucleophilic Addition Reactions,” Pure Appl. Chem., 54, 2335-2348 (1982).

61. C. F. Bernasconi and K. A. Howard, "How Do Edge Barriers Affect More O'Ferrall-Jencks Diagrams?” Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 91, 405 (1982).

60. C. F. Bernasconi and K. A. Howard, "Stereoelectronic and Conformational Effets in Meisenheimer Complexes. Intrinsic Reactivities of Spiro versus 1,1-Dimethoxy and 1-Methoxy-1-phenoxy Complexes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 7248-7257 (1982).

59. C. F. Bernasconi and G. D. Leonarduzzi, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 7. Secondary Kinetic Isotope Effects as Criterion for a Preassociation Mechanism in the Hydrolysis of Substituted Benzylidene Meldrum's Acids,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 5143-5153 (1982).

58. C. F. Bernasconi and G. D. Leonarduzzi, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 6. Structure-Reactivity Relationships in the Reactions of Substituted Benzylidene Meldrum's Acids with Water, Hydroxide Ions and Aryloxide Ions,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 5133-5142 (1982).

57. C. F. Bernasconi, S. A. Hibdon and S. E. McMurry, "When is Intramolecular Proton Transfer Between Carbon and Nitrogen or Oxygen Observable?,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 3459-3471 (1982).

56. C. F. Bernasconi, D. J. Carré and A. Kanavarioti, "Nucleophilic Addition to Activated Olefins. 5. Reaction of 1,1-Dinitro-2,2-diphenyl-ethylene with Water and Hydrolytic Cleavage of the C=C Double bond in Acidic and Basic Solution,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 103, 4850-4860 (1981).

55. C. F. Bernasconi and S. Fornarini, "Nucleophilic Addition to Activated Olefins. 4. Structure-Reactivity Relationships in the Reactions of Amines with Substituted Benzylidene Meldrum's Acids. Evidence for Intramolecular Proton Transfer to Carbon,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 102, 5329-5336 (1980).

54. C. F. Bernasconi, J. P. Fox, and S. Fornarini, "Nucleophilic Addition to Activated Olefins. 3. Reactions of Piperidine and Morpholine with Benzylidenemalononitrile in 50% Me2SO-50% Water. The Intrinsic Barrier in Nucleophilic Additions,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 102, 2810-2816 (1980).

53. C. F. Bernasconi, "Mechanisms of Nucleophilic Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Substitution. Recent Developments,” Chimia, 34, 1-11 (1980).

52. C. F. Bernasconi and G. D. Leonarduzzi, "Nucleophilic Addition to Olefins. 2. The Reaction of Benzylidene Meldrum's Acid with Water, Hydroxide Ion and Aryloxide Ions. Complete Kinetic Analysis of the Hydrolytic Cleavage of the C=C Double Bond,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 102, 1361-1366 (1980).

51. C. F. Bernasconi and A. Kanavarioti, "Rates of Ionization of 1,1-Dinitroethane in 50% Me2SO-50% Water. Solvent Effect on Proton Transfer,” J. Org. Chem., 44, 4829-4832 (1979).

50. C. F. Bernasconi, M. C. Muller, and P. Schmid, "Rate Limiting Proton Transfer in the Formation of Meisenheimer Complexes Between 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene and Amines. The Effect of DMSO on Proton Transfer Rates,” J. Org. Chem., 44, 3189-3196 (1979).

49. C. F. Bernasconi and J. R. Gandler, "The Transition State of the Acid Catalyzed Alkoxide Ion Departure from Meisenheimer Complexes,” in "Techniques and Applications of Fast Reactions in Solution,” W. J. Gettins and E. Wyn-Jones, eds., 463-468 (1979).

48. C. F. Bernasconi, D. J. Carré and J. P. Fox, "Elementary Steps in the Nucleophilic Addition of Amines to Olefins,” in "Techniques and Applications of Fast Reactions in Solution,” W. J. Gettins and E. Wyn-Jones, eds., 453-462 (1979).

47. C. F. Bernasconi and H.-C. Wang, "A Textbook Example of Complex Kinetics,” in "Techniques and Applications of Fast Reactions in Solution,” W.J. Gettins and E. Wyn-Jones, Eds., 1979, p. 175-186.

46. C. F. Bernasconi and D. J. Carré, "The Rate of Protonation of 2,6-Di-t-butylpyridine by the Hydronium Ion,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 2707-2709 (1979).

45. C. F. Bernasconi and D. J. Carré, "Anomalous Rates of Proton Transfer to and from Nitrogen and Carbon in the Reactions of Amines with 1,1-Dinitro-2,2-diphenylethylene,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 2698 (1979).

44. C. F. Bernasconi and H.-C. Wang," Anionic Sigma-Complexes from Sulfite Ion Attack on N-Methyl-N-B-hydroxy-ethyl Picramide and its Spiro Complex. Search for Geometric Isomerism in 1:2 Complexes. An Instructive Example of Complex Kinetics,” Int. J. Chem. Kin., 11, 375 (1979).

43. C. F. Bernasconi and J. R. Gandler, "Multiple Structure-Reactivity Relationships in the Breakdown of Meisenheimer Complexes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 8117 (1978).

42. C. F. Bernasconi and M. C. Muller, "The Elusive 1,1-Meisenheimer Complex from 2,4,6-Trinitroanisole and Aryloxide Ions. A Stopped-Flow Temperature-Jump Study,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 5530 (1978).

41. C. F. Bernasconi, "The Kinetic Behavior of Short-Lived Anionic Sigma-Complexes,” Acc. Chem. Res., 11, 147 (1978).

40. C. F. Bernasconi and J. R. Gandler, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. XVII. Kinetics of Spiro Meisenheimer Complexes. Effect of Ring Size,” J. Org. Chem., 42, 3387 (1977).

39. C. F. Bernasconi, R. H. deRossi, and P. Schmid, "Changing Views on the Mechanism of Base Catalysis in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Kinetics of Reactions of Nitroaryl Ethers with Piperidine and with n-Butylamine in Aqueous Dioxane,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 4090 (1977).

38. C. F. Bernasconi and H.-C. Wang, "Kinetics of Electron Transfer Reactions of Azaviolene Radical Ions. II. Correlation with the Marcus Theory. The Question of Concerted Acid-Base Catalysis,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 2214, (1977).

37. C. F. Bernasconi, C. L. Gehriger, and R. H. deRossi, "Towards a Complete Characterization of the Mechanism of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution by an Amine. Kinetics of Spiro Meisenheimer Complexes Derived from N-methylethanolamine,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98, 8451 (1976).

36. C. F. Bernasconi and H.-C. Wang, "Spiro Meisenheimer Complex from Catechol 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl Ether. Rate Limiting Proton Transfer as Consequence of Very Fast Intramolecular Nucleophilic Attack,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98, 6265 (1976).

35. C. F. Bernasconi and R. H. deRossi, "Influence of the o-Nitro Group on Base Catalysis in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Reactions in Benzene Solution,” J. Org. Chem., 41, 44 (1976).

34. C. F. Bernasconi and F. Terrier, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. XIV. Spiro Meisenheimer Complexes Derived from N,N-Dimethylethylenediamine. Kinetics in Aqueous Dimethylsulfoxide,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 97, 7458 (1975).

33. C. F. Bernasconi and F. Terrier, "Rates of Proton Transfer in 70% DMSO-30% Water. Mechanism of Deprotonation of Intramolecularly Hydrogen Bonded Species,” in "Chemical and Biological Applications of Relaxation Spectrometry,” E. Wyn-Jones, ed., Reidel, Holland, 379 (1975).

32. C. F. Bernasconi, "The Use of the Temperature-Jump Method in the Study of Organic Reaction Mechanisms,” in "Chemical and Biological Applications of Relaxation Spectrometry,” E. Wyn-Jones, ed., Reidel, Holland, 343 (1975).

31. C. F. Bernasconi, "Normal Mode Analysis of Chemical Reactions,” in "Chemical and Biological Applications of Relaxation Spectrometry,” E. Wyn-Jones, ed., Reidel, Holland, 121 (1975).

30. C. F. Bernasconi and W. J. Boyle, Jr., "A Complete Kinetic Analysis of the A-SE2 Mechanism of Acid Catalyzed Addition of Methanol to an Olefinic Double Bond,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 96, 6070 (1974).

29. C. F. Bernasconi, R. G. Bergstrom and W. J. Boyle, Jr., "Kinetics of the Electron Transfer Reactions of Azaviolene Radical Ions. I.,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 96, 4643 (1974).

28. C. F. Bernasconi and R. G. Bergstrom, "Normal Coordinate Analysis of Coupled Reactions. Application to Anionic sigma-Complexes of 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene with Hydroxide and Alkoxide Ions in Water, Methanol-Water, and Ethanol-Water Mixtures,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96, 2397 (1974).

27. C. F. Bernasconi and H. S. Cross, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. XII. Kinetic and Equilibrium Study of the Spiro Meisenheimer Complex of 1-(beta-Hydroxyethoxy)-2,4-dinitrobenzene,” J. Org. Chem., 39, 1054 (1974).

26. C. F. Bernasconi and C. L. Gehriger, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. XI. Spiro Meisenheimer Complex of N,N'-Dimethyl-N-picrylethylene-diamine. Partially Rate Limiting Proton Transfer of Complex Formation. A Temperature-Jump Study,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 96, 1092 (1974).

25. C. F. Bernasconi, T. Iijima, W. Koch, M. Wakae and H. Zollinger, "Gleichgewichte der Protonenaddition an 1,1-Bis-(4',4"-dimethyl-aminophenyl)-äthylen in Methanol and in Dimethylsulfoxid,” Helv. Chim. Act., 56, 2667 (1973).

24. C. F. Bernasconi, R. H. deRossi and C.L. Gehriger, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. X. Synthesis of N-Methyl- -aminoethyl Nitroaryl Ethers via an Unusual Smiles Rearrangement,” J. Org. Chem., 38, 2838 (1973).

23. C. F. Bernasconi and R. G. Bergstrom, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. IX. 1:1 and 1:2 Sulfite Complexes of 1,3,5,-Trinitrobenzene. Cis-Trans Isomerism in the 1:2 Complex,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 95, 3603 (1973).

22. C. F. Bernasconi and R. H. deRossi, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. VIII. Temperature-Jump and Equilibrium Study of the Spiro Meisenheimer Complex of N-2-Hydroxyethyl-N-methyl-2,4-dinitroaniline,” J. Org. Chem., 38, 500 (1973).

21. C. F. Bernasconi, "Mechanisms and Reactivity in Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions,” MTP Int. Rev. Sci., Org. Chem. Ser. One, 3, 33 (1973).

20. C. F. Bernasconi, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. VII. Stopped-Flow-Temperature-Jump Study of the Transient 1,3-Methoxide Ion Adduct of 2,4,6-Trinitroanisole in Methanol,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 93, 6975 (1971).

19. C. F. Bernasconi, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. VI. Kinetic Evidence of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Meisenheimer Complexes,” J. Phys. Chem., 75, 3636 (1971).

18. C. F. Bernasconi, R. G. Bergstrom and S. Hünig, "Temperature-jump Study of the Reversible Disproportionation of an Azaviolene Radical Ion,” Chem. Comm. 1485 (1971).

17. C. F. Bernasconi, "Kinetic and Spectral Study of Some Reactions of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Basic Solution. I. Deprotonation and Janovsky Complex Formation,” J. Org. Chem., 36, 1671 (1971).

16. C. F. Bernasconi and R. G. Bergstrom, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. V. Kinetic Study of Meisenheimer Complexes of 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene with Hydroxide and Alkoxide Ions in Ethanol-Water and Methanol-Water Mixtures,” J. Org. Chem., 35, 1325 (1971).

15. C. F. Bernasconi, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. IV. Kinetic Study of the Interaction of 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene with the Lyate Ions of Water, Methanol and Ethanol in the Respective Solvents,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 92, 4682 (1970).

14. C. F. Bernasconi, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. III. Visible Absorption Spectra of the Acid and Basic Form of the 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene-Piperidine Meisenheimer Complex in 10% Dioxane-90% Water,” J. Org. Chem., 35, 1214 (1970).

13. J. F. Bunnett and C.F. Bernasconi, "Kinetics of Reactions of Piperidine with substituted Phenyl Ethers of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in 60% Dioxane-40% Water. Base Catalysis as a Function of the Group Displaced,” J. Org. Chem., 35, 70 (1970).

12. C. F. Bernasconi, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. II. Temperature-Jump Study of the Interaction of 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene with Aliphatic Amines in 10% Dioxane-90% Water. Concurrent Nucleophilic Attack on the Aromatic Carbon and on the Nitrogroup?” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 92, 129 (1970).

11. C. F. Bernasconi, "Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. I. Temperature-Jump Study of the Decomposition of 1,1-Dimethoxy-2,4-dinitro-cyclohexadienate in Methanol,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90, 4982 (1968).

10. C. F. Bernasconi and P. Schmid, "Base Catalysis of the Reaction of Morpholine with 2,4-Dinitrophenyl Phenyl Ether in 10% Dioxane-90% Water,” J. Org. Chem., 32, 2953 (1967).

9. C. F. Bernasconi, "Kinetics of Reactions of Amines with Ethers of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in 10% Dioxane-90% Water. Dependence of Base Catalysis on the Entering Amine and on the Leaving Group,” J. Org. Chem., 32, 2947 (1967).

8. G. Becker, C. F. Bernasconi, and H. Zollinger, "Katalytische Effekte bei der Reaktion von 2,4-Dinitrofluorbenzol mit Morpholin in Benzol,” Helv. Chim. Acta, 50, 10 (1967).

7. C. F. Bernasconi and H. Zollinger, "Katalytische Effekte bei den Reaktionen von 2,4-Dinitrofluorbenzol mit Benzylamin und N-Methylbenzylamin in Benzol,” Helv. Chim. Acta, 50, 3 (1967).

6. C. F. Bernasconi and H. Zollinger, "Katalytische Effekte bei den Reaktionen von 2,4-Dinitrofluorbenzol und 2,4-Dinitrochlorbenzol mit p-Anisidin in Benzol,” Helv. Chim. Acta, 49, 2570 (1966).

5. C. F. Bernasconi and H. Zollinger, "Der Einfluss von Dimethylsulfoxid und Dioxan auf die Reaktionen von 2,4-Dinitrofluorbenzol und 2,4-Dinitrochlorbenzol mit Piperidin in Benzol,” Helv. Chim. Acta, 49, 2563 (1966).

4. C. Bernasconi and H. Zollinger, "Katalytische Effekte bei der nukleophilen aromatischen Substitution in Benzol,” Helv. Chim. Acta, 49, 103 (1966).

3. C. Bernasconi, "Kinetics of Reactions of Piperidine with Ethers of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in 10% Dioxane-90% Water. Dependence of Base Catalysis on the Group Displaced,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 87, 5209 (1965).

2. C. Bernasconi and H. Zollinger, "Zum Problem der elektrophil- und basen-katalysierten aromatischen nukleophilen Substitutionensreaktionen in Benzol,” Tetrahedron Lett., 1083 (1965).

1. C. Bernasconi, W. Koch, and H. Zollinger, "Sekundäre Isotopeneffekte der Aciditäts Konstanten kerndeuterierter Anilinium-Ionen,” Helv. Chim. Acta, 46, 1184 (1963).